O box 395, nekemte, on converging eviden abstract g roundwater is precious resource for life growth and. G journal of geology l geophysics abdullahi, et al, geol. Introduction a great variety of computer programs and software products have been developed for resistivity modeling and inversion algorithm due to very fast enhancement in computers and technology. An electrical resistivity survey involving vertical electrical sounding ves technique was carried out in isseleazagba, aniocha north local government area of delta state, nigeria. The use of vertical electrical sounding ves has become very popular with groundwater prospecting due to simplicity of the technique. Vertical electrical sounding ves resistivity survey.
Electromagnetic em profi ling and vertical electrical sounding ves studies were carried out for groundwater exploration in the twifohemang lower denkyira districts of ghana. Application of vertical electrical method in groundwater. Resistivity sounding summary new new iris instruments. Geoelectrical investigation of groundwater potential of. Automatic interpretation of schlumberger sounding curves. A vertical electrical sounding ves is a dc resistivity survey which provides information regarding the change in apparent resistivity with depth. Vertical electrical sounding to determine fracture. Inversion of schlumberger vertical electrical sounding. Aaaa the application of vertical electrical sounding ves for groundwater exploration in tudun wada kano state, nigeria. Depth of investigation of vertical electrical sounding ves fig 2 in the ves technique, the ground is supposed to be composed of horizontal layers. Introduction the use of geophysics for subsurface layers and groundwater explorations increased over the last few years due to the rapid advances in computer science associated to numerical modeling solutions. These two geophysical methods were used for exploring the groundwater. The electrical geophysical survey method is the detection of the surface effects produced by the flow of electric current inside the earth.
Throughout most of the 20th century, vertical electrical sounding ves was the dominant geophysical resistivity method. A quantitative interpretation of the results from ves measurements enable determination of the parameters for the geoelectric section. Traditionally measured and modeled geologic data is presented in. The technology is applicable on rivers and lakes also, making it possible to find out the geology of under water terrain. Ves is performed using either the wenner electrode configuration described in the astm g57. The current and potential electrodes are maintained at the same relative spacing and the whole spread is progressively expanded about a fixed central point philip and. Subsurface investigation using vertical electrical sounding. Vertical electrical sounding ves methods to delineate.
Efficacy of hummel modified schlumberger arrays of. Application of vertical electrical sounding for delineation of sea water intrusion into the freshwater aquifer of southern governorates of gaza strip, palestine. Introduction groundwater is one essential but necessary substitute to surface water in every society. The use of vertical electrical sounding ves for subsurface. The apparent resistivity value obtained at each step is plotted as a function of ab2. Zohdy abstract generalized formulas are derived for computing apparent resistivity curves of electrical soundings of the schlumberger type near a vertical contact separating two homogeneous and isotropic media.
These apparent resistivity values are plotted against electrode spacing using a loglog scale fig. Unified equation for straightforward inversion scheme on. The study area was located in the center of astrakhan with a large change of elevation, which induced a high variation of. The depth of the kaolin, the rock from top to bottom, as well as other materials like sand, gravels and rubbish covering the deposit could. Straightforward inversion of vertical electrical sounding data article pdf available in geophysics 623.
Vertical electrical sounding ves for the determination of. It is one of the oldest methods for acquiring resistivity and one of the least expensive to conduct per unit depth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the groundwater potential and to access how protected the aquifer in the area could be to surface pollutants. Vertical electric sounding method, as all geophysical methods, needs for a good interpretation the presence of a contrast in resistivity. Developed forward and inverse modelling of vertical. The vertical electrical sounding with schlumberger array as a lowcost technique and veritable tool in groundwater exploration is more suitable for hydrogeological survey of sedimentary basin. Application of schlumberger vertical electrical sounding for determination of suitable sites for construction of boreholes for irrigation scheme within a basement complex. Variable azimuth schlumberger resistivity sounding and.
Forward and inverse modelling, vertical electrical sounding, matlab implementation, genetic algorithm, apparent resistivity 1. Application of schlumberger vertical electrical sounding. Use of vertical electrical sounding ves method as an alternative to standard penetration test spt conference paper pdf available january 2012 with 7,095 reads how we measure reads. The electrical resistivity varies between different geological materials, depending mainly on variations in water contents and dissolved ions in water. I introduction electrical resistivity is a geophysical method in which an electrical current is injected into the ground. Application of vertical electrical sounding and horizontal. Geophysical investigation was carried out around the university health sciences of the osun state university, osogbo using the schlumberger technique of the electrical resistivity method. The methods of vertical electrical sounding ves and noncontact electromagnetic profiling nep were tested in 1995 for detail outlining of the groundwater table within the representative part of astrakhan city. Introduction water is one of the abundant resources available in the niger delta, yet quality of the water is debatable for human consumption. A distressed building exhibits defects in its components, noticeable as weakened. Saravanan 1, kishan singh rawat 1 and sudhir kumar singh 2 1 centre for remote sensing and geoinformatics, sathyabama institute of science and technology, jeppiaar nagar, chennai, 600119 tamil nadu india.
Vertical electrical sounding ves with the commonly used schlumberger configuration was used for the purpose of determining the vertical variation of resistivity. Solution of the 3d forward problem of the vertical electric sounding. The spread length ranged from minimum of 12 m to maximum of 204 m to provide depth information. Geoelectrical, vertical electrical sounding, dawakin tofa, kano state, resistivity sounding. Results of vertical electrical sounding ves survey. It utilizes direct currents or low frequency alternating currents to investigate the electrical properties resistivity of.
Zondip1d vertical electrical sounding interpretation software. This was aimed at investigating the lithologic boundaries and classification of the various subsurface formations. Ves is performed using either the wenner electrode configuration described in the astm g57 standard or using the schlumberger. This research compared the interpretation results of the vertical electrical sounding data acquired using the conventional schlumberger and modified schlumberger arrays with a view to assessing the effectiveness of the modified schlumberger arrays of vertical electrical sounding as an alternative to the conventional schlumberger array at sites with space constraint during. Case studies of mine voids using continuous vertical. Metode vertical electrical sounding ves untuk menduga potensi sumberdaya air article pdf available september 20 with 3,008 reads how we measure reads. Ip2 win can analyze data from some kinds of induced polarizations electrode configuration such as schlumberger, wenner. This comprised the top soil, weathered basement, fractured basement. Vertical electric sounding ves employs collinear arrays designed to output a 1d vertical apparent resistivity versus depth model of the subsurface at a specific observation point.
Vertical electrical sounding ves a vertical electrical sounding or ves is a 1d resistivity method that provides deep information of the subsurface with minimal equipment and personnel. Electrical resistivity methods the resistivity method is used in the study of horizontal and vertical discontinuities in the electrical properties of the ground. This method gives the information about depth and thickness. Five vertical electrical sounding sites were studied using a sensitive abem signal averaging system sas terrameter and applying schlumberger configuration. Egbai 2011 used information from vertical electrical sounding ves for the determination of the transmissivity of aquifers in anwai, delta state of nigeria. Dec 16, 2016 throughout most of the 20th century, vertical electrical sounding ves was the dominant geophysical resistivity method. A graphical and semiquantitative technique for investigating vertical electrical sounding ves curves for indices of confined fractured basement column. It is also called as vertical electrical sounding ves. This was done by changing the distance between the current electrodes so that the depth range to which. Samples are taken for laboratory analysis, to determine the quantity, and for reserve evaluation. Vertical electrical sounding configurations open energy. Vertical electrical sounding ves is by far the most used method for geoelectric surveying, because it is one of the cheapest geophysical method and it gives very good results in many area of interest. This software package, available for compatible pc ibm systems and implemented in windows environment, has been conceived for the inversion, on data processing basis, of vertical electric soundings ves realized with the most currently used spreading types.
The purpose of electrical geophysical survey method is to detect the surface effects that produce by the flow of electric current inside the earth. Astm d6431 18 standard guide for using the direct current. Pdf the use of electromagnetic and vertical electrical. Advance research journal of multidisciplinary discoveries. Vertical electrical sounding for the investigation of. It is therefore imperative to carry out this research. It was found that the ves data of most sites fit to the fourlayer model followed by. This is applied through the use of the vertical electrical sounding ves technique. Electrical measurements have been applied for different purposes and using different. This method is regularly used to solve a wide variety of groundwater problems. Vertical electrical sounding, schlumberger array, subsurface layers, resistivity, ground water investigation. Pdf application of vertical electrical sounding for.
Journal of geology l geophysics abdullahi, et al, geol geosci 21. Keywords vertical electrical sounding ves, hydrogeological conditions, aquifer, geo electric sections 1. In this method a series of potential differences are acquired at successively greater electrode spacings while maintaining a fixed central reference point. Vertical electrical soundings for subsurface layers and. Vertical electrical sounding using the dipoledipole array were then conducted with at specific points within the weathered zones.
Vertical electrical sounding ves, hydrogeological parameters, aquifer abstract a geophysical survey using vertical electrical sounding ves was undertaken within the university of benin ugbowo campus in an attempt to ascertain aspects of the hydrogeological parameters for groundwater exploitation. Geoelectrical investigation for groundwater exploration. As the contrast is greater, the results are better. Vertical electrical sounding to determine fracture distribution at adumasun area, oniye, southwestern nigeria.
Electrical resistivity method of geophysical exploration happens to be the most applied method in groundwater exploration. Application of vertical electrical sounding to delineate. For horizontally stratified media, schlumberger ves vertical electrical sounding curves with slopes of greater than 1 not only resemble but commonly almost coincide with their corresponding dz dar zarrouk curves. Deciphering transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of. An aspect of geophysical study using the vertical electrical sounding ves technique was applied in ishiayi community in ahoada west local government area of rivers state to delineate geoelectric stratigraphy and to access hydrogeological conditions. Geophysical investigation for groundwater potential and. Vertical electrical sounding of waterbearing subsurface of. By considering an npoint schlumberger ves curve to be an nlayer dz curve, and by solving for the layering from. It is a common rule of thumb to say that the depth of investigation is of the order of 0. The vertical electrical sounding modeling carried out at six 6 ves stations was used to derive the geo electric sections of various profile. The application of vertical electrical sounding ves for. Zohdy abstract for horizontally stratified media, schlumberger ves vertical electrical sounding curves with slopes of greater than 1 not only resemble but commonly almost coincide with their corresponding dz dar zarrouk curves. Pdf on apr 27, 2016, muhanna mitaab ahmed and others published application of vertical electrical sounding find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Schlumberger sounding curves, using modified dar zarrouk functions by adel a.
Resistivity methods environmental geophysics us epa. Application of schlumberger vertical electrical sounding for. Vertical electrical sounding ves hgi hydrogeophysics. Isoresistivity contour map was prepared and interpreted in terms of resistivity and thickness of subsurface layer at 56 m spacing using computer software surfer, and resistivity results were correlated with the existing lithology. The types of the apparent resistivity curves obtained at 38 ves sites over the study area were decided by comparing them with the standard curves for different layer models bhattacharya and patra, 1968.
The data were interpreted with the help of abaque master curve. Resistivity sounding vertical electrical soundings, such as schlumberger soundings, are carried out by increasing the transmitting line ab step by step for increasing the depth of penetration of the mn reading made in the middle of ab. The vertical electrical sounding ves has proved very popular with groundwater prospecting and engineering investigations due to simplicity of the techniques. Straightforward inversion of vertical electrical sounding data. Vertical electrical resistivity soundings were conducted in order to delineate groundwater potential aquifers in akobo area, ibadan, south western, nigeria. Twentyone vertical electrical soundings were conducted using the schlumberger configuration, covering the area. The reported use of electric measurements on inland waters is more common than that of gpr, even though continuous vertical electric sounding cves acquisition is relatively recent with the introduction of automatic multichannel resistivity devices. Variable azimuth schlumberger resistivity sounding and profiling near a vertical contact by adel a. Exploration for groundwater aquifers, using vertical. Vertical electrical sounding to determine fracture distribution at adumasun area, oniye. Vertical electrical sounding ves is a geophysical method for investigation of a geological medium. The field measurements technique is adjustable for the different topographic conditions and the interpretation of the data can be done with specialized software, with a. People living in ibadan, southwestern nigeria have started shifting their focus on construction of buildings towards villages that are close to the metropolis.
Pdf use of vertical electrical sounding ves method as. Deciphering transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity of the. Groundwater used vertical electrical sounding method. Earthimager 1d is an inversion modeling software program used to interpret onedimensional electrical resistivity data and reveal a layered model of subsurface geology. Earthimager 1d can process vertical electrical sounding ves data collected with schlumberger, wenner, dipoledipole, polepole, and various other arrays. The ves is a geoelectrical method for measuring vertical changes of electrical resistivity.
Hence, vertical electrical sounding can be said to be a good alternative for the determination of underground resistivity. The estimation is performed based on the measurement of voltage of electrical field induced by the distant grounded electrodes current electrodes. Interpretations of vertical electrical sounding ves were used to generate longitudinal conductance map. Population growth, increase in oil and gas explorations, poor environmental stewardship has.
The following procedures may be adopting for conducting the ves by electrical resistivity survey for ab2 five hundred m in softrock and ab2 three hundred m in hard rock formation and preparation of 3d map of aquifers delineated. Case studies of mine voids using continuous vertical electrical sounding methods 271 was procured from the pennsylvania department of natural resources and overlain on the profiles in as accurate a position, as is possible using the handdrawn 80 yearold document. It has been used all over the world for three primary purposes. Either the schlumberger or, less effectively, the wenner array is used for sounding, since all commonly available interpretation methods and interpretation aids for sounding are based on these two arrays. Solution of the electrical resistivity tomography direct 3d and inverse 2d and 3d problems. Vertical electrical sounding ves for the determination. Aspects of geophysical survey using vertical electrical. The obtained field data were analyzed qualitatively by curve matching for credibility.
A case study of uke, east wollega zone, western part of ethiopia paleozoic sedi paper paper sa university, p. Case history magnetic, electrical, and gpr waterborne. Resistivity inversion software, the inversion of vertical. It is one of the oldest methods for acquiring resistivity and. The method is based on the estimation of the electrical conductivity or resistivity of the medium. Ten vertical soundings were carried out on the field. Vertical electrical sounding survey and resistivity inversion. Aspects of geophysical exploration for groundwater using. Resistivity, underground water, ves, porosity, sand formation.